Legal and Ethical Issues free essay sample

Legal Ethical issues brought upon SNC Lavalin since 2011 / Recommendations (Fabien) Internal issue: In March 2012, SNC-Lavalin released the results of an internal review showing the company cannot properly account for $56 million in payments directed by former executive vice-president Riadh Ben Aissa and signed off on by CEO Pierre Duhaime. The CEOs authorization of these payments did not comply with the agents policy and therefore was in breach of the code (of ethics), the companys internal review found. To this day, these missing funds could not be linked to specific transactions or countries. Libyan issues In July 2011, Consultant Cyndy Vanier is flown by SNC-Lavalin on a fact-finding expedition to Libya during the NATO mission to report on the companys many projects and the conditions for employees. In Nov 2011, Cyndy Vanier and SNC- Lavalin vice-president Stephane Roy will be arrested in Mexico. They were charged with organized crime, falsifying documents, and the intent to smuggle humans. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal and Ethical Issues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The plan was to smuggle the son of Lybian dictator, Saadi Gadhafi, out of Niger to Mexico with fake documents. As a result of these investigations, SNC-Lavalin dismisses Consultant Cyndy Vanier, Vice-President Stephane Roy, Ben Aissa, executive vice-president Riadh Ben Aissa, CEO Pierre Duhaime for violating the company Code of ethics. May 2012: Swiss prosecutors have arrested Riadh Ben Aissa, a former SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. executive vice-president, for business-related corrupt practices, fraud and money-laundering in North Africa. Tunisian issues May 2012: A Tunisian businessman accused Quebecs SNC-Lavalin of soliciting bribery, claiming he was shut out of the bidding for a contract after refusing to pay off a senior official in the companys North African branch. May 2013: RCMP search warrant document alleges that SNC-Lavalin paid nearly $6- million to the son-in-law of Tunisias president between 2001 and 2010 to win contracts in the North African country. The payments in question were made at a period when a variety of major contracts were awarded to SNC-Lavalin in Tunisia. Swiss authorities uncovered the Tunisian payments as part of an investigation into corruption and money laundering. Mr. Ben Aissa, Executive Vice-President for SNC Lavalin, was detained in Switzerland Bangladesh issues: June 2011: The Dhaka Daily Star reported that SNC-Lavalin offered large bribes to at least six influential Bangladeshi officials, including two former government ministers, to obtain a lucrative bridge contract Oct 2011: The offices of contractor SNC Lavalin were raided by Canadian authorities over allegations of corruption in the bidding process for a IJS$ 2. 9 billion bridge project in Bangladesh. Among the officials allegedly bribed by the Montreal based company was then communications minister Syed Abul Hossain, who now heads the department of Information and Communications Technology. The others are former state minister for foreign affairs Abul Hasan Chowdhury; former secretary of the bridges division of the communications ministry Mosharraf Hossain Bhuiyan; Rafiqul Islam, exdirector of Padma Multipurpose Bridge project, along with three businessmen working on the project. The accusations of bribery prompted the World Bank to suspend a IJS$I . 2 billion loan and temporarily barred the SNC-Lavalin subsidiary from bidding on other contracts in the country. Sept 2013: A former senior SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. xecutive, Kevin Wallace, who versaw the companys bid to supervise the construction of a six-kilometre bridge in Bangladesh a project that is stalled amid allegations of corruption has been charged criminally under Canadas foreign bribery law Montreal Issues: March 2012 SNCs former chief executive, Pierre Duhaime, faced multiple charges in connection with an alleged $22. 5-million bribe that police say was funnelled to hospital administrators to ensure the compa ny won the contract to build the McGill University Health Centre. Nov 2012: The Quebec police charged CEO Pierre Duhaime who resigned in March ith fraud, reportedly in connection with a contract to build and design a new $1. 3- billion super hospital in Montreal Recommendations to fix issues: Recommandations that SNC Lavalin is considering as the results of their own investigations: The appointment of Compliance Officers to the Companys business units and regional hubs around the world. Part of a comprehensive, risk-based compliance organization, the officers will report directly to SNC-Lavalins Chief compliance issues whenever and wherever they may arise across the Company. An Code of Ethics for SNC-Lavalins 34,000 employees around the world. A component of SNC-Lavalins overall compliance policy, the code should provides a concise overview of the Companys approach to addressing and mitigating corruption risk in daily business activities. It outlines acceptable and unacceptable conduct in a user- friendly manner, while reaffirming the importance of compliance with applicable laws and SNC-Lavalins recently enhanced Code of Ethics and Business Conduct. A new policy governing engagements with business partners: The policy must set out rinciples and due diligence procedures to be observed before entering into an agreement with any and all parties who will act on behalf of SNC-Lavalin. The Policy will help ensure the Company deals solely with people or entities of integrity and in good standing with the business community, and which possess the necessary background, reputation and qualifications for the service(s) provided. Personal Compliance Training for all employees, with a special focus on those working in functions known to expose employees to a higher level of corruption risk. Provided in person by compliance experts, the training for high-risk functions will ensure SNC-Lavalin employees have the requisite tools to do business according to the utmost ethical standards, no matter what regulatory circumstances they find themselves in, or external parties they are in contact with. An Amnesty Program launched between June 3 and August 31 of this year. The Program provided employees with an opportunity to come forward regarding ethical violations so that any remaining issues could be dealt with and rapidly resolved. A otal of 32 employees made amnesty requests. While no new information of a material nature was revealed, the information the Company received did confirm its previous assessment of corruption risks. Other recommendations that SNC Lavalin might want to consider: Obligations to report on all meetings with any official of a government, and ask to produce a detailed sum up of the discussions Strengthening and improving internal controls and processes: make sure all financials transactions are properly recorded and approved by the CEO and Compliant Officer.

Love vs Lust Research Paper Example

Love vs Lust Research Paper Example Love vs Lust Paper Love vs Lust Paper When you love so thing, you want to have it with you always, and you want to take care of it and make sure nothing in the world can harm or corrupt it in any way possible. Guess when you love someone, you potpourris in danger of that person no loving you back, just looking at the negative side. When you let love control you u, you arent yourself, you change who you are so that you conform or exceed the expectations set by the person or object you love. When you put yourself out there you dont really go with what you know is right, but what your emotions are cram mining into our head. Looking at both sides of the argument, there are positive consequent ounces that come along with loving someone. When you love someone, you might find the e person that you are going to spend the rest of your life with. Lust on the other hand is a more negative concept. Lust makes you go insane to achieve what you want because you want it for your own benefit. When you lee t lust control your behavior, you focus only on what you want and not what is Essen till for you or your future. When lust is a big part in your life, you get caught up in making g what you ant or lust possible. Sometimes you dont realize you lust cometh ins or so none because you just arent thinking straight due to your desire for that person or object. You start to channel people and your surroundings out because youre so foci used on getting what you desire. When you start to lust an object, you become so full of yourself and pigheaded because you think that you deserve everything you want and y oh become angry with others because you dont get what you want. Though love and lust are on two different universes, they sometimes go togged her. You can love something while having something lust towards it. Lust is a feel Eng that you can control. You cant let it get to you because with God on your side, you can overcome it. Love on the other hand is the most powerful thing on this world for example, For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever belie eves in him shall not perish but have eternal life. John 3:16. Gods love for people change d the way our courses were supposed to go. Because Jesus died on the cross at Calvary, we are freed from our sins and we have the gift of eternal life. Todays society often perceives love as a joke, people dont take relationships marriages seriously. Lust in todays society is not serious at all, people have relationships and engage in sexual activity because the media and pop culture e says its okay and that its the right? thing to do. In conclusion, believe that love and lust are very delicate but powerful subject TTS that should be taken seriously.

9 consejos a turistas para comprar vivienda en EEUU

9 consejos a turistas para comprar vivienda en EEUU Si est pensando en  comprar una vivienda en Estados Unidos pero le preocupa porque tiene estatus de turista, bien porque ha ingresado con una visa de esa categorà ­a o bien sin visa, por ser ciudadano de un paà ­s incluido en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados,  tiene que saber que no sà ³lo es posible sino que es relativamente fcil.  Ã‚   En este artà ­culo se resuelven las dudas ms frecuentes,  desde tipo de propiedad a cà ³mo financiar la compra y cà ³mo entender correctamente las opciones migratorias reales para obtener una tarjeta de residencia permanente en Estados Unidos por inversià ³n en un bien raà ­z. 1.- ¿Quà © tipo de inmuebles  se pueden comprar en EE.UU.  con estatus de turista? Casas, fincas rà ºsticas y condominios, conocidos estos à ºltimos popularmente como condos. En cuando a los  apartamentos en rà ©gimen de  co-ops, es ms complicado adquirirlos, a menos que se trate de cooperativas que se administran siguiendo reglas de los condos. La razà ³n del problema radica en  que para comprar un co-op es necesario, como regla general, tener los ingresos y la mayorà ­a del patrimonio en Estados Unidos, requisito que no se da en la mayorà ­a de los casos de turistas extranjeros temporalmente en el paà ­s. 2.- ¿Se necesita tener todo el dinero en efectivo o asegurar financiacià ³n en el paà ­s de origen? No, ni lo uno ni lo otro. Los bancos de Estados Unidos pueden financiar siempre y cuando se adelante un porcentaje importante en concepto de pago inicial, conocido en inglà ©s como  down payment. El porcentaje puede variar de banco a banco y, tambià ©n, de estado a estado. Por ejemplo, en la ciudad de Nueva York puede ser necesario abonar el 30 por ciento, en Miami el 50 y en zonas de Texas entre el 25 y el 30 por ciento pero estas cantidades pueden variar segà ºn las circunstancias de cada caso. Adems, los bancos que financian suelen exigir garantà ­as adicionales como un depà ³sito suficiente para cubrir todos los pagos de la hipoteca de un aà ±o, ms seguros y gastos del inmueble. Tambià ©n se debe tener en cuenta que dentro de Estados Unidos hay una gran diferencia entre estados en lo que se paga como impuesto a las ventas de bienes y servicios  e incluso condados y municipalidades. Este es un dato importante ya que puede suponer un importante gasto con el que no se contaba. 3.- ¿Cul es la mejor forma de encontrar una vivienda para comprar? Contratando a un agente inmobiliario, conocido en inglà ©s como broker. La gran ventaja para el comprador es que no va a pagarle por sus servicios ya que la comisià ³n corre de cuenta del vendedor. Si à ©ste cuenta con su propio broker, en el momento de la venta los dos agentes se dividirn entre ellos las ganancias por sus servicios de intermediario. Adems, si necesitas financiacià ³n el broker puede ponerte en contacto con el banco con el que habitualmente trabajan. 4.- ¿Cunto tiempo puede demorarse la tramitacià ³n de la compra? Una vez que has encontrado el inmueble que deseas comprar, la tramitacià ³n del cierre de la operacià ³n puede hacerse en tan poco como 30 dà ­as. No es necesario estar presente en Estados Unidos durante toda la tramitacià ³n, ya que puedes otorgar un poder notarial, conocido en inglà ©s como  power of attorney,  a un representante. 5.- ¿Puede  girarse todo el dinero que quiera a EEE.UU. para comprar bienes raà ­ces? Desde el punto de vista de USA, sà ­. Si bien las autoridades estudian la procedencia y legalidad del dinero. Adems, debe cumplirse con todas las obligaciones impuestas por el paà ­s de origen del comprador  para transferencias internacionales de dinero y pago de impuestos. 6.- ¿Hay que pagar impuestos por la propiedad que se compra en Estados Unidos? Si se  vende y se gana con la operacià ³n, hay que pagar el impuesto correspondiente. En cuanto al porcentaje va a depender del tipo de acuerdo fiscal entre el paà ­s del comprador y Estados Unidos, si es que hay  alguno firmado. Tambià ©n es posible no pagar si con la venta se financia la compra de una nueva propiedad. Por el contrario, si la vivienda se dedica a alquiler, es necesario   declarar impuestos anualmente en la forma de income tax en EE.UU. Para ello, si no se tiene un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social emitido por las autoridades de Estados Unidos, debe sacarse un nà ºmero fiscal que se conoce como  un ITIN. Es conveniente informarse con un fiscalista porque si se est pagando hipoteca es posible que no exista la obligacià ³n de pagar  durante al menos los diez primeros aà ±os siguientes a la compra. En todo caso, aunque no existiera la obligacià ³n de pagar, sà ­ que hay la de hacer la declaracià ³n de impuestos y presentarla anualmente el 15 de abril o antes. 7.- ¿Por quà © es recomendable crear una sociedad que figure como propietaria del inmueble? Para evitar pagar impuesto de sucesià ³n cuando fallece el propietario de la vivienda, que puede ser muy alto. Pero si el propietario es una LLC, es decir, una  sociedad limitada,  de la que se es accionista junto con una Corporacià ³n Extranjera, en inglà ©s conocida como  Foreign Corporation, entonces despuà ©s del fallecimiento del propietario los herederos no tienen que pagar nada por recibir ese inmueble. Es muy conveniente tratar este asunto con un abogado especialista en este tipo de asuntos. 8.- ¿Puede obtenerse la  tarjeta de residencia por comprar una propiedad en EE.UU.? No, la compra de un inmueble, aunque sea muy caro, no est contemplado en la actualidad como uno de los caminos para obtener la residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como green card o tarjeta verde.   Sin embargo, sà ­ que es posible sacar la green card con una inversià ³n a travà ©s del programa EB-5, pero implica muchas ms cosas y no una simple compra de uno o varios inmuebles, por muy caros que estos sean. Tampoco sirve una mera inversià ³n inmobiliaria  como base para poder solicitar con à ©xito la visa E-2 de inversià ³n. Sin embargo, si se convierte en negocio a dicha inversià ³n, entonces podrà ­a servir. En todo caso, los turistas que son propietarios de una vivienda en Estados Unidos  no pueden trabajar ni permanecer continuamente en Estados Unidos y deben respetar su condicià ³n migratoria para evitar una cancelacià ³n de la visa. Por ejemplo, no se puede ser una carga pà ºblica. Eso quiere decir, entre otras cosas, que hay que pagar las facturas mà ©dicas y  no enviar a los hijos con una visa de turista a estudiar a una escuela de primaria o secundaria pà ºblica. Si desean estudiar, deben obtener una visa F-1 de estudiante. Estar en Estados Unidos con la visa incorrecta puede dar lugar a la revocacià ³n de la que se tiene e, incluso, a la cancelacià ³n de la visa de los padres que consienten una violacià ³n migratoria. 9.-Origen de los extranjeros que compran propiedades en Estados Unidos En un sà ³lo aà ±o, los turistas extranjeros invirtieron $82,5 billones (mil millones) en propiedades en Estados Unidos, comprando, principalmente,  Ã‚  en los estados de Florida, California, Nueva York, Texas y Arizona. Los extranjeros que efectuaron  ms compras fueron los canadienses, que prefieren comprar en Arizona y Texas, seguidos de los chinos, si bien los rusos son los que hacen las compras ms caras. Argentinos, colombianos, venezolanos y brasileà ±os destacan tambià ©n entre los grandes compradores, siendo Florida el estado donde ms invierten. Consejos para disfrutar Estados Unidos como turista Estados Unidos es el segundo paà ­s del mundo que recibe ms turistas, sà ³lo sobrepasado por Francia. Sin embargo, es el paà ­s donde los turistas gastan ms dinero en compras. Para los turistas que disfrutan comprando ropa y accesorios de marca,  las sample sales para comprar a precios rebajados  en Nueva York son un destino a tener en cuenta. Por el contrario, para los que quieren disfrutar de las grandes atracciones de Estados Unidos, estas son las 10 ms visitadas. De interà ©s migratorio para todos los turistas Estas  20 causas que pueden dar lugar a que la visa no se apruebe o no se renueve  e, incluso, a que al llegar al control migratorio sirven de base para que el oficial de Inmigracià ³n niegue el ingreso del turista extranjero a los Estados Unidos. Desde el punto de vista migratorio, el principal consejo es evitar problemas. Para ello se recomienda tomar este  test de respuestas mà ºltiples. Frecuentemente, los  grandes problemas migratorios y en el paso de aduanas tienen su origen en ignorancias pequeà ±as. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Zimbardo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zimbardo - Essay Example Most people believe that they act according to their own values. If a person commits a crime, psychologists study this person in detail trying to identify what personal traits or events in biography forced motivated further criminal activities. Personal dispositions are not the only factor which makes an individual behave in a certain way. It is interesting to what extent social context motivates behavior of the individual. Surprisingly, it can become the major influence under certain circumstances. Dr. Zimbardo entitles this phenomenon of individual transformation Lucifer effect. According to Zimbardo, â€Å"evil is the exercise of power to harm, hurt and destroy† something or someone. There are certain conditions when dominance becomes the way to cope with a huge stress. For instance, the Abu Ghraib prison tortures happened in totally stressful atmosphere. War motivated hatred between US soldiers and Iraqi prisoners. The prison building was bombarded during the day and all people experienced daily fear to die. They did not leave the prison at all (Zimbardo). As a result, they transformed their stress into dominance over the weak. Zimbardo’s theory does not seek for the â€Å"bad apple†; it aims at finding a â€Å"bad barrel†. Any particular situation is a result of the system. If the system has some space for bad things to happen, they will happen. System can be represented by the organization, community group or the whole civilization. It involves a wide range of factors; cultural, legal and social norms restrain behavior of an individual (Zimbardo). In Abu Ghraib, the US military organization to control prisons was a failure. One person was assigned to control 3 prisons but she never showed up there; there was no supervision at all. People who worked in prisons had no day offs. They had 12 hour shifts and worked all day long. Higher rank officers ordered to torture the prisoners creating the situation of diffused responsibility. Functioning in that system

Differences between Cole and Dalton Approach Essay - 1

Differences between Cole and Dalton Approach - Essay Example The approach of Dalton to Corporate security concerns is both traditional and legal. That of Cole is modern, forward-looking and humane. Cole is also fully aware of the legal responsibilities of the service provider, the client, and the personnel engaged by the service provider. Â  Richard Cole’s document has the most comprehensive insurance reporting requirements. As per this document, the contractor has to provide a number of insurance certificates, prior to commencing any services, for the client, such as Worker’s Compensation Insurance, including Employer’s Liability Insurance etc. It is a perfect and an ideal legal document as far as insurance coverage for the employee is concerned. The employee works under the protective umbrella of the perfect insurance scheme. The highlights of the various insurance schemes for the benefit of employees, apart from huge sums assured in the event of mishaps are, a retroactive date prior to or coincident with the agreement inception date, ‘the client is promptly notified in writing of any advancement of the retroactive date’, ‘the contractor specifying if defense costs are included in the limits of liability, the client being promptly notified in writing of any erosion of aggrega te limits’, etc. Such provisions indicate the extensive and deep concern of the managers, providers of the insurance, that the employee is given financial security to himself/members of his family, should any unfortunate mishap occur. Â  

Dynamic Universe 1 Journal Essay Example for Free

Dynamic Universe 1 Journal Essay From the very beginning, the studying for the universe has been accompanied with numerous misconceptions and myths: from flat structure of the earth and earth-centered model of the universe to contemporary astrology and horoscopes. From the critical perspective, if the early explanations about the universe and our place in it could be explained due to known technological limitations of the ancients, modern astrology does not have any viable explanations. As Phil Plait argues on his website Badastronomy. com, modern astrology cannot be considered a science a priori and there are many reasons to make us support this statement. Unlike astronomy, which is based on universally developed methodologies, derived primarily from physics, chemistry, and mathematics, astronomy does not use any of them. The latter lacks even universally agreed method, as Phil Plait explains, some astrologists claim that â€Å"the moment of birth is important, others say its the month, etc†¦ but they all operate under a very broad working assumption: there is some sort of force from the heavens that influences us here on Earth. † Although during the development of the astronomy there have been various differences in theories and ideas, for instance Big Bang model, all of them were developed on the thorough scientific analysis of data and mathematical models coupled with specific methodologies. With some deviations, astrology can be compared to Sun worship practices during the ancient times. Naturally, Sun worship originated in agricultural areas due to the people’s heavy dependence of the sun light for the crop. If assessed critically, Sun worship has been a dominated religious practice. Wikipedia online encyclopedia indicates that Sun worship has been characteristic for Egyptian, Japanese and Nordic mythologies. Ancient Greeks also worshiped Helios, God of the Sun. Simultaneously, the list of solar deities provides even more evidence about the dominance of Sun worship during the early periods of ancient civilizations. Surprisingly, Smithbrad traces important connections of Sun worship and astronomical basis to the Christian religion, indicating both historical and scriptural evidence. For observers from the earth, the Sun and the Moon represent two most bright objects on the sky. However, from the critical perspective, these objects are not unique, not only by their form but also by the characteristics of their light. Practically, the story of star formation is a study in contradictions. It starts with atoms, molecules, and dust particles floating aimlessly in the dark and frigid depths of interstellar space. Out of the cold and empty expanses, gravity brings these scattered particles together to form stars. Over hundreds of millions of years, these gas and dust particles congregate into enormous clouds that can span hundreds of light-years. The two lightest elements hydrogen and helium dominate these clouds, accounting for about 92 percent and eight percent of the atoms, respectively (NASA, 2005). Dust grains account for about one percent of a clouds total mass. Astronomers call these clouds giant molecular clouds because they also contain trace amounts of molecules such as water, alcohol, ammonia, and various carbon-based organic compounds, which represent raw components of life. All in all, the clouds contain enough material to form tens of thousands of new stars. Magnetic fields and the random motions of gas molecules prevent the cloud from collapsing under its own weight. The various gas and dust particles jostle about, but eventually, enough mass congregates in one region to initiate gravitational collapse in a small portion of the cloud. Astronomers once thought that cloud collapse was usually triggered by external disturbances, such as supernova shock waves or stellar winds. Nowadays, however, most astronomers think that cloud collapse usually happens on its own, although triggering mechanisms can still play an important role (NASA,2005). Over the course of several millennia, a collapsing gas cloud fragments into tens to thousands of relatively dense, rotating clumps of gas that will ultimately form newborn stars. Emission and reflection nebulae are abundant in the universe, though not observed with the naked eye. Practically, emission nebulae, â€Å"cloud of gas and dust floating in space,† emit their own light, due to the presence of ultraviolet radiation coming from the hot star or star clusters stars (Nebulae, 2005). The very hot star emits highly energetic radiation of the invisible part of the electro-magnetic spectrum, and the emission nebula re-emits the radiation in the visible light (M42, 2005). Unlike the reflection nebulae, in the emission nebulae the atoms of the dust are energized by the radiation (ultraviolet) and start emitting (not reflecting) their own radiation as atoms fall back into lower energy states. This process of the radiation emission can be compared to the Sun, with the only deviation that the latter emits radiation and light due to the processes which occur in the Sun’s core without any impact from the outside object. Simultaneously, reflection nebulae reflect the light coming from the star or star cluster. This process can be compared to the Moon, as it also reflects the light coming from the Sun, not emitting its own radiation. From its own origin when being formulated by LemaÐ ¾tre and proved by Hubble, the Big Bang theory evidenced many contributions, objections and simplifications. The Hubble Law states that galaxies in every direction are distancing away from us with speeds proportional to their distance. The major contribution to the Big Bang theory has been made with the data obtained from satellites COBE and WMAP, and the Hubble Space Telescope. The data allowed scientists to formulate the statement that the universe has been formed 14 billion years ago in a hot, dense, event known as the â€Å"Big Bang. † Practically, what the theory of â€Å"Big Bang† provides is the explanation of nature and major characteristics of the universe. There is no edge or boundaries in the universe. The expansion of the universe is occurring at all points simultaneously. Therefore, as Richard Powell explains the most of 350 billion galaxies which contains the universe are moving away from one another. However, it does not necessarily mean that the Earth or our galaxy is moving. As it is known, galaxies are distributed not universally. The systems similar to our Solar System and the Milky Way are formed from under the gravity and thus are restrained from moving apart. However, 350 billion galaxies and 3. 5 trillion dwarf galaxies in the universe are collected into vast sheets, clusters and superclusters of galaxies surrounding large voids. Bibliography Phil Plait. Astrology, available at http://www. badastronomy. com/bad/misc/astrology. html Accessed Oct 3, 2005 The resource is dedicated to various misconceptions in the astronomy, including numerous myths and beliefs, like astrology, pseudoscience and science portrayal in contemporary movie industry. Wikipedia Encyclopedia. â€Å"Solar Deity† available http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Solar_deity Accessed Oct 3, 2005 World Largest Open Encyclopedia, which offers explanations on various issues, including the astronomy and related subjects. Though not cited, this resource http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Big_Bang#Hubble. 27s_law_expansion became very useful for the journal preparation. Smithbrad â€Å"Sun Worship† Available http://smithbrad. nventure. com/sunworship. htm Accessed Oct 3, 2005 Resource aims to provide connections between Christian faith and practices with the Sun worship tradition as the most ancient tradition among all religions. The resource provides both scientific and scriptural evidence for its statements. â€Å"Nebulae† Available http://www. seasky. org/cosmic/sky7a05. html Accessed Oct 3, 2005 Web resource is dedicated primarily for concise and practical explanations of astronomical terms and phenomena. It offers graphic and photo illustrations to explains various issues in the astronomical science. NASA. â€Å"Imagine the Universe† Available http://imagine. gsfc. nasa. gov This resource provides information for star life cycle patterns, which was useful for conducting the journal, particularly on the questions on emission and reflection nebulae. â€Å"M42† Available http://www. seds. org/messier/m/m042. html Accessed Oct 3, 2005 The resource is a part of the Messier Catalog. It became useful for the journal discussion on reflection and emission nebulae, offering photo illustrations and discovery history of Orion Nebula, also known as M42 Richard Powell â€Å"Atlas of the Universe† Available http://anzwers. org/free/universe Accessed Oct 3, 2005 It is the most useful resource for general explanation of the Big Bang theory, providing graphical illustrations of its major concepts and problematic moments. Maps compiled by Mr. Powell has been used for journal explanations and references.

Women and Education Essay -- Educating Female History Argumentative Es

Women and Education An education holds significance to many people for a variety of reasons. For some, it may be the route to a desired career or just the next step after high school. For others, attending a university is a way to increase their awareness of other viewpoints through the exposure to the diverse culture represented on a campus. In evaluating the value and significance of my own education, I reflected on the education of the women of the 19th century. Their outlook on education is somewhat different than ours today because of the fact that it was difficult and rare to be an educated woman during this period. Today we posses the freedom to pursue almost any field available. However, in some instances we face lower salaries and in some cases less respect than men with the same training. Only 16% of college and university presidents and 25% of chief academic officers are women. Chief business officers are 13% women. We must educate and prove ourselves so that our daughters experience greater opportunities than we do as we experienced more than our ancestors because of their hard work. The female gender throughout early history has been characterized as a homekeeper. They were not the bread bearers of the family partially because work was dominated by manual labor. Men were naturally more suited to these jobs due to their superior strength. As time progressed, business progressed. A successful business began to rely on brain power instead of muscle power. Women can participate in this type of work just as efficiently as men. Unfortunately, many of the men and women of this period were reluctant to change the long tradition of women remaining in the home. Therefore, the development of women’s le... ... with expressions of deference† while the â€Å"avenues to which stand ever wide open, yawning like the gates of hell.† To be forced into a day to day activity devoid of you interest is similar to a prison sentence. The frustration of possessing passion for something unreachable fueled the rebellion of the women insisting on making education available. Through my research into the history of developing education for women and making it acceptable, I have come to appreciate it on a different level. My education is not only a result of my hours of studying, but of the people throughout many decades who suffered without the same opportunities I have and faced constant criticisms to do what they choose. What I take away from this university is one of the only things you can count on, knowledge. Knowledge that allows me the freedom to do whatever I choose in life.